Microsoft XML SDK 2.6 - XSLT Reference

Axes

An axis is used in a location path to specify the tree relationship between the nodes selected by the location step and the context node.

Axes Description
ancestor Contains the ancestors of the context node; the ancestors of the context node consist of the parent of the context node and the parent's parent and so on; thus the ancestor axis will always include the root node unless the context node is the root node.
ancestor-or-self Contains the context node and the ancestors of the context node; thus the ancestor axis will always include the root node.
attribute Contains the attributes of the context node; the axis will be empty unless the context node is an element.
child Contains the children of the context node.
descendant Contains the descendants of the context node; a descendant is a child or a child of a child and so on; thus the descendant axis never contains attribute or namespace nodes.
descendant-or-self Contains the context node and the descendants of the context node.
parent Contains the parent of the context node, if there is one.
self Contains just the context node itself.